JAN 15 - JULY 15, 2024VOL 02 - ISSUE 02

NEWSLET TER

REFLECTIONS: FROM THE VICE CHANCELLOR’S DESK

Christened ‘1729', after Ramanujan - Hardy number, the Plaksha newsletter is a window into our

thriving, interconnected, and learner centered environment where Plakshans look beyond the

obvious, just like Srinivas Ramanujan did with the seemingly dull number ‘1729'.

Through this newsletter we share the contribution of each member of our vibrant community of

learners, researchers, leaders, innovators and problem solvers to reimagine technology education.

Prof. Rudra Pratap

Founding Vice Chancellor

Plaksha University

C O - C R E A T E : T E C H F O R S O C I E T Y

We are delighted to present to you the current

issue of 1729 focused on Co-Create: Tech for

Society. Right from the inception of the univer-

sity, we have created a sharp focus on engaging

with society, both locally and globally, as a

deliberate design principle of all our academic

endeavors at the university.

Global problems, by their very deﬁnition,

impact everyone including our campus, our

immediate neighborhood – Mohali and the Tri-

City area, the state of Punjab, India, and the

world. While many problems scale linearly with

population and the geographical areas, solu-

tions rarely do. Solution scaling is something

that we need to teach our students to think

about rationally, and attempt pilot solutions

that can be implemented at a local community

level. This, by no means, excludes problems

that may not be global but vexes the local

community. We strongly believe in what one of

the most celebrated poets of India, Kabir Das,

encapsulated in the following couplet:

We are committed

to our promise of

engaging with

society

(There is no point growing tall like a date tree

that doesn’t provide shadow or fruit to a trav-

eler.) This metaphor applies to our pursuit of

technological solutions for the society at large.

We are committed to our promise of engaging

with society and I hope you see its glimpses in

the articles in this issue.

Happy reading!

    ,   

   ,     

centralizing storage oﬀers signiﬁcant advan-

tages, including enhanced diversity of energy

sources, more eﬃcient use of space, and high

eﬃciency of equipment. Aggregating cooling

requirements with a central cooling system

instead of providing individual air conditioners

at every apartment can play a pivotal role in

decarbonizing the residential energy sector. A

well-designed air conditioning system integrat-

ing energy-eﬃcient equipment, thermal

storage, controls, and renewable energy

sources surpasses the eﬃcacy of individual

building cooling systems.

To comprehensively evaluate the potential of

centralized cooling and heating systems in

Indian residential settings, Indorama Ventures

Center for Clean Energy at Plaksha University is

establishing a ﬁrst-of-its-kind living laboratory

in South Asia. This cutting-edge research facility

will feature a 1600 TRh thermal storage capac-

ity, equipped with smart microgrid controls and

a renewable energy system. It is designed to

cater to the air conditioning load of a 220-room

hostel at Plaksha, utilising chilled water from

the TES to conduct various experiments.

This living laboratory is being developed with

partial support from the International Finance

Corporation – a member of the World Bank

Group under the TechEmerge Sustainable

Cooling Innovation Program. Plaksha's faculty,

researchers, and students will undertake

interdisciplinary research in collaboration with

industry experts to optimize the design and

operation of thermal storage-based cooling

and heating systems. This would include exper-

iments, modelling and simulations to identify

opportunities for improving energy eﬃciency,

load management, and overall system perfor-

mance. The testbed will support research

involving behavioural studies, development of

technologies, and application of AI-ML for

improving design and operations of the sys-

tem. We intend to oﬀer the testbed to startups,

manufacturers, and solution providers to

evaluate and demonstrate their technologies in

a ﬁeld environment.

CAMPUS AS A LIVING LAB FOR THERMAL STORAGE SOLUTIONS

Air conditioning related energy consumption

constitutes a substantial portion of building

energy usage. The demand for air conditioning

in India is on the rise, and it is expected to rise

8x by 2037, as compared to 2017 levels. To align

with climate objectives, reducing energy con-

sumption within the air conditioning sector is

imperative. Shifting from fossil fuel-based

energy to renewable energy is one of the ways

to reduce CO emissions and decarbonize this

sector. Photovoltaic (PV) systems play a central

role in this transition, as energy is readily avail-

able during the daytime, making it easier to

decarbonize daytime loads. However, a chal-

lenge arises in employing renewable energy for

the air conditioning energy requirements of

residential buildings, which predominantly occur

during the night. Energy storage, which can

charge during the daytime when clean energy is

available and discharge during nighttime, can

address this issue.

Generally, a PV system with battery storage is

popular for storing excess electricity available in

the daytime. Given the environmental concerns

and high cost of electrical energy storage,

thermal energy storage (TES) emerges as a

promising alternative. TES involves storing both

heat or coolth in the form of sensible or latent

energy. Water is an eﬀective medium for storing

thermal energy due to its high thermal capaci-

tance, latent heat of fusion, heat transfer eﬃ-

ciency, and availability. The advantage of ther-

mal storage lies in its negligible environmental

impact, making it an intriguing possibility for our

energy storage needs.

Implementing TES solutions at individual apart-

ments is challenging due to space availability

and the limited beneﬁts of diversity. Instead,

Prof. Vishal Garg

Dean Research, Plaksha University

Director, Indorama Ventures Center for

Clean Energy

Dr. Aviruch Bhatia

Senior Research Scientist, Plaksha University

C O - C R E A T E : T E C H F O R S O C I E T Y

Plaksha Think Tank

Battery

energy storage

Chiller

Ice thermal

storage

Plant room

Electricity

Day time charging

Night time discharging

Many a times, when it is mentioned that

Plaksha University has a Center for Water

Security (CWS), people ask what water security

means. As our cities go through severe water

shortage, the term 'water scarcity' has become

more prominent. In the same context, water

security would be the opposite scenario – one

that ensures we have suﬃcient water for all

social, economic and environmental activities.

CWS recognizes that this vision needs a

multipronged approach, where technological

research is complemented by partnerships

with diﬀerent stakeholders, including commu-

nity engagement, starting with the community

in and around the university campus.

The current focus of CWS is on water quality

monitoring, advanced wastewater treatment

and resource recovery from wastewater. Re-

search work along these lines has begun on

the campus in the Water Technology Research

(WaTeR) lab. The campus has initiated real-

time monitoring systems where water balance

and water quality in drinking water treatment

plant (WTP) and sewage treatment plant (STP)

are monitored.

CWS also actively seeks to engage the student

community in research. For instance, an ILGC

team is working on optimizing the perfor-

mance of the campus STP by using AI-ML

models. In addition, a competition was annou-

nced by CWS to encourage student ideas on

improving water eﬃciency on the campus. UG

students and Bharti Foundation scholars,

Anshika Singh and Sanskar Sengar, won the

competition for suggesting a smart toilet surv-

eillance system that would prevent water

wastage due to malfunctioning toilet ﬂushes.

Research scholars associated with CWS also

monitor water quality on campus.

Just beyond the campus is N-Choe, an open

urban drain. It originates from Chandigarh,

ﬂows through Mohali, and ultimately dis-

charges into river Ghaggar. It passes through

multiple settlements along its route, including

the village Manuali. Residents of this settle-

ment call this stream the ganda nala (or, a dirty

water stream), due to the pollution caused by

untreated sewage that is discharged into it

along the way. CWS has started monitoring

water quality of N-Choe to suggest appropriate

measures to treat the stream and augment

water supply to Manauli. This translation will

involve active engagement with the commu-

nity, real-time monitoring solutions, advanced

treatment technologies. CWS is committed to

tackle this water challenge.

Dr. Prashanth Suresh Kumar

Associate Director, PhD Program

Assistant Professor, Plaksha University

ADDRESSING WATER CHALLENGES IN VILLAGE MANAULI

C O - C R E A T E : T E C H F O R S O C I E T Y

Reimagine Research

The N-Choe stream passing besides the

Plaksha campus.

Plaksha faculty Dr. Sandeep Manjanna and

research fellow Rahul Kumar using water

quality sensors for monitoring a section of the

N-Choe stream.

In a fast-paced world with short attention

spans, what's out of sight is out of mind. In this

interconnected world, it is hard to be con-

scious of our interactions as a species with our

planet. When we buy vegetables from the

market, we are blissfully unaware of where it

grew, number of days it had to be stored, kilo-

meters it traveled, and how much of it got

wasted before some of it was brought home

by us. We are unaware of the amount of pollu-

tion that is caused elsewhere to provide over-

night cooling in our homes.

In this scenario, the Geospatial Computer

Vision lab at Plaksha utilizes satellite imagery

to understand and aﬀect various aspects of

cities, water bodies and rural areas. There are

now satellites that capture images of the entire

earth - our homes, ﬁelds, rivers, and forests

every day. These images capture various acti-

vities at a high frequency through multiple

spectrums of electromagnetic waves. Recent

advances in Computer Science & Artiﬁcial

Intelligence have enhanced the capability of

machines to comprehend large scale data and

provide insights about various processes and

their impact on earth.

One of the primary areas of research at

Plaksha is sustainable urban development.

An ongoing project focuses on the detection

of walkable elements in a city through satellite

images augmented with street view images. A

system aware of footpaths, zebra crossings,

tree cover (shade for walking), encroachments

on the footpaths, etc. would be able to provide

users the most comfortable paths to walk/

cycle on. By analyzing land use and socio-

economic state of a city, the system would

estimate walking requirements of individual

routes as well. Such a system would inform

municipal authorities where a maximum cost

to beneﬁt ratio exists with respect to infra-

structure deployment and generate low car-

bon footprint designs for cities. Such planning

can also incorporate requirements of a city

over a long period by forecasting demands

and usages.

However, these systems are only as powerful

as the incentives we incorporate in them. By

ensuring that our processes are aligned with

intelligence from these sentient beings, we

might be able to accelerate sustainable devel-

opment in the world. While AI will bring forth

equity and sustainability, it will also enable

equal opportunity for all communities. It will

help us to become mindful of how we use the

earth's resources.

Dr. Anupam Sobti

Lead, Geospatial Computer Vision Group

SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT USING SATELLITE IMAGERY

C O - C R E A T E : T E C H F O R S O C I E T Y

Reimagine Research

A dynamic visual representation of Earth's landscapes inﬂuenced by artiﬁcial intelligence, showcasing

rural and urban areas from a bird's eye view.

Credit: DALL·E

Assistant Professor, Plaksha University

Center for Sustainable and Precision Agricul-

ture (CSPA) has established a one-acre Plaksha

Smart Farm on campus. Once fully setup, this

farm will be equipped with automation and IoT

sensors to provide real time assessment of

crop health. As a living lab on campus, it aims

to provide an experiential platform for Plaksha

students and researchers with eﬀorts focused

towards education, research and development,

and community impact. Through these initia-

tives we support the CSPA vision to empower

Indian agriculture with aﬀordable precision

agriculture technologies and data driven farm-

ing, aiming to double the farm yields while

ensuring agricultural sustainability.

Education and experiential learning: The

Smart Farm provides opportunities for high

school, as well as undergraduate and post-

graduate students at Plaksha to experience

technologies such as drone-based monitoring,

geospatial machine learning, IoT sensors,

biotechnology. They learn how these technolo-

gies can make a positive impact on farming

with potential towards improving crop yields

and environmental sustainability.

Research and development: At the heart of

the Smart Farm's mission is its dedication to

cutting-edge research and development. CSPA

faculty and researchers collect data on ways in

which drone-based monitoring and IoT sen-

sors can be used to improve yield and sucrose

content within sugarcane crop. Another faculty

is studying biotechnology interventions and its

ability to improve carbon sequestration ability

of the soil. All these experiments hold a prom-

ise of improving agricultural productivity but

also contribute to sustainability of farming

practices.

Community impact: The Plaksha Smart Farm

extends its inﬂuence beyond the academic

sphere by actively engaging with the commu-

nity. CSPA is working with Plaksha’s InfoEdge

Center for Entrepreneurship to create an

ecosystem of agritech startups, which are

incubated at Plaksha with a focus towards

transforming agriculture in Punjab. In this

endeavour, the Smart Farm will be the ﬁrst

proving ground for these startups before

students are ready to take their technologies

to farmers.

Through such initiatives, the Plaksha Smart

Farm is set to make a lasting impact by devel-

oping tech leaders who are ready to take on

the grand challenge of productive and sustain-

able agriculture.

Dr. Shashank Tamaskar

A SMART FARM TO EMPOWER SUSTAINABLE FARMING PRACTICES

Director, Center for Sustainable and

Precision Agriculture

Assistant Professor, Plaksha University

C O - C R E A T E : T E C H F O R S O C I E T Y

Success Spotlight

At the Plaksha Smart Farm, several student teams collect data for their projects focused on society.

This provides them with hands-on experiences that are crucial for professional growth.

The Center for Thinking, Language and Commu-

nication (CTLC) at Plaksha University launched

ProACT in October 2023, with a focus on training

both students (schools and universities) and

professionals beyond the Plaksha community in

communication capacities and professional

development.

Driven by a commitment to social impact,

ProACT signed a Memorandum of Understan-

ding (MoU) with the Kotak Education Foundation

(KEF) on May 1, 2024. KEF spearheads the Kotak

Kanya Scholarship Program (KKSP), a collabora-

tive CSR initiative of the Kotak Mahindra Group.

This scholarship empowers underprivileged girls

by providing them holistic support including

ﬁnancial aid to pursue higher education after

class 12.

Over the next three years, CTLC will be able to

impact the lives of 225 meritorious girl scholars

enrolled in premier engineering colleges across

the country through a program. Their aspiration

to enhance communication and interpersonal

skills for future careers became the foundation

for the conceptualization of this program.

The program has a three-course structure, each

course comprising two modules with three ses-

sions per module.

• Persona Polish – The ﬁrst-year foundational

course, underscores the importance of focus-

ing on self as the initial step toward career

readiness. Students will delve into strategies

that empower self-learning and setting and

achieving SMART goals.

• Inter-personal Connection – This second-year

course is designed to enhance students'

interpersonal skills, build better connections

in professional settings and equip them with

the conﬁdence to express themselves eﬀect-

ively in the public sphere.

• Professional Prodigy – This course in the

third year equips students with job market

essentials, including crafting strong CVs,

conducting market research, networking and

reﬁning interview skills.

Dedicated tutors and lead instructors provide

personalized training for these women engi-

neering scholars. The idea is to promote a safe

mentorship space where scholars can develop

conﬁdence through one-on-one guidance.

ProACT's specialized training program will go

beyond academics, developing a growth mind-

set and resilience in bright young women. CTLC’s

collaboration with the Kotak Kanya Scholar's

Program will create a lasting impact on the lives

of girls and their families, empowering and

enabling them to achieve their full potential.

Dr. Brainerd Prince

PERSONALIZED SKILL TRAINING FOR UNDERPRIVILEGED GIRLS IN STEM

Director, Center for Thinking, Language

and Communication

Associate Professor, Plaksha University

C O - C R E A T E : T E C H F O R S O C I E T Y

Plaksha Initiative

3 YEARS, 3 COURSES, 6 MODULES, 18 SESSIONS

Plaksha’s Center for Thinking, Language and Communication made a commitment to social impact by

tutoring 225 meritorious girl scholars pursuing STEM.

At the heart of STEM education lies the chal-

lenge of ensuring inclusivity – a goal that

becomes particularly pressing when consider-

ing the needs of deaf students. These individu-

als often ﬁnd themselves at a crossroads of

communication gaps and educational dispari-

ties, especially in grasping STEM concepts

traditionally taught through text rather than

sign language.

At Plaksha, the advancement of inclusive edu-

cation isn't just a commitment, it's an active

mission being realized by students and faculty.

With over 63 million people in India alone fac-

ing hearing impairments, educational dispari-

ties for deaf students call for immediate and

innovative solutions.

Noyonica Chatterjee, a third-year CS&AI major

deep dived into the challenges deaf students

face through her project at the Innovation Lab

Grand Challenges Studio (ILGC). The transition

from sign language to text has proven to be a

signiﬁcant barrier in STEM education for the

deaf. A deaf student graduating high school

might have a vocabulary level equivalent to a

third or fourth grader, severely limiting their

educational and professional prospects.

In the summer of 2023, Noyonica interned at

AuralApp in Chennai where she contributed to

the development of a mobile application tail-

ored to make STEM education more engaging

and accessible for deaf learners. Noyonica's

time at AuralApp exposed her to the harsh

educational hurdles faced by the deaf commu-

nity, fueling her determination to uplift deaf

education.

Noyonica's work revealed that many deaf

students lack access to necessary aids, like

hearing devices, and are often subjected to

outdated teaching methods that ignore the

beneﬁts of modern technology. The resistance

to new methodologies by educators highlights

an ingrained challenge in transforming educa-

tional practices.

Dr. Rucha Joshi

Associate Professor, Plaksha University

INCLUSIVE SCIENCE EDUCATION FOR DEAF STUDENTS

In collaboration with third year UG student

Vansh Gupta, Noyonica has developed an

interactive game using Pygame to teach the

concept of ‘Sound’ from NCERT textbooks and

bridge the gap between auditory explanations

and visual learning. They are now enhancing

their software by providing real-time feedback

and a detailed speech pattern analysis for deaf

students. This will better their learning experi-

ence and empower them with essential com-

munication tools.

This project aims to transform STEM education

for deaf students by increasing their cognition

through active learning and gamiﬁcation. By

providing innovative educational tools and an

environment of inclusivity, we can ensure that

deaf students are empowered to reach their

full potential.

C O - C R E A T E : T E C H F O R S O C I E T Y

Stories of Impact

INDIAN MANUAL ALPHABET



Credit: AYJNIHH, Mumbai - 50

With an aim to transform STEM education for

deaf students, Noyonica Chatterjee has worked

on an innovative educational tool.

*More inclusive initiatives for hearing impaired on Page 9

Plaksha University is committed to fostering an

entrepreneurial ecosystem that leverages tech-

nology for societal betterment and empower-

ment of local communities. This approach brings

together academia, industry, startups, and

research bodies to drive impactful innovations

addressing real-world challenges.

The InfoEdge Center for Entrepreneurship (CFE)

is proud to collaborate with startups such as

Marbles, TheRaNotes, and RhoSigma, harness-

ing emerging technologies to destigmatize

mental health issues, provide accessible solu-

tions, and empower the deaf community

through innovative communication tools.

CFE nurtures an entrepreneurial mindset and

supports early stage ventures through initiatives

such as the Plaksha Launch Accelerator Program

(PLAP), providing mentorship, resources, and

networking opportunities. Additionally, the

Plaksha Growth Accelerator Program (PGAP)

guides promising startups through a hyper-

growth journey, transforming them into growth-

stage startups.

Leveraging AI and emerging technologies is a

key focus area. CFE explores collaborations

within local communities to develop technologi-

cal solutions in sectors of HealthTech,

CleanTech, and AgriTech, combining cutting-

edge technology with deep domain expertise

for sustainable and scalable solutions.

The center actively engages with research

bodies and industry associations with TiE

Chandigarh, STPI, CDAC, Innovation Mission

Punjab, and Campus Fund to foster a robust

entrepreneurial ecosystem in the region of

Mohali and Punjab. These partnerships facili-

tate knowledge sharing, resource pooling, and

joint initiatives to accelerate innovation and

drive economic growth.

In the ﬁntech domain, CFE partners with the

Reserve Bank of Innovation Hub to support ﬁn-

tech startups in our incubation center for

Punjab, nurturing innovative solutions for the

banking and ﬁnancial services sector.

Looking ahead, the InfoEdge Center for

Entrepreneurship plans to organize workshops,

hackathons, and ecosystem events, bringing

together diverse stakeholders to ideate, collabo-

rate, and co-create solutions, fostering an

entrepreneurial mindset among youth.

Through these collaborative eﬀorts, Plaksha

University is paving the way for a future where

technology and entrepreneurship catalyze

positive social change, empowering communi-

ties and driving sustainable development.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND TECHNOLOGY FOR SOCIAL GOOD

Ankur Mehta

Director, InfoEdge Center for Entrepreneurship

Plaksha University

C O - C R E A T E : T E C H F O R S O C I E T Y

Plaksha Updates

Plaksha alumni, Ramya Yellapragada and Lakshay

Sahni designed a non-invasive brain stimulation

device for treatment of depression and founded

Marbles Health.

Third-year BTech students, Vedika Agarwal and

Anushka Desai were recognized at the Innovation

Mission Punjab for their innovative project.

InfoEdge Center for Entrepreneurship and TiE

Chandigarh forged a dynamic partnership to

empower budding entrepreneurs at Plaksha.

Yotta Expo: Empowering Local

Vendors

Two years ago, it all began with an idea. An

idea that gave Amol Harsh, BTech Class of 2025,

a dream that has turned into a reality.

After successful testing in Prayagraj, Yotta Expo,

an undergrad startup, on-boarded its ﬁrst

vendor in Chandigarh. It is a small step towards

giving local vendors a digital platform to sell

their products.

Now people residing near sector 88 and sector

66 A in Chandigarh, including Plaksha faculty

living in Falcon View, KIv Signature Towers and

Sky Gardens, can now order from the Yotta

Expo app and buy local fresh fruits and vegeta-

bles from Yotta Expo’s ﬁrst vendor. This initia-

tive originated and ﬂourished under ILGC

(Innovation Lab and Grand Challenges Studio)

and GCSP (Grand Challenges Scholars

Program).

Yotta Expo became an avenue to bring together

Amol’s experience in liberal arts and technol-

ogy. Since the initial stages of the project, Amol

received guidance from Dr. Rucha Joshi, Prof M

Balakrishnan and Alok Mittal, Founder and

Trustee at Plaksha University.

RhoSigma: Bridging Communication

Gaps

India has the world's largest deaf and mute

population, approximately 63 million. However,

there are only 314 certiﬁed Indian Sign Lang-

uage (ISL) interpreters. This shortage leads to

social isolation. According to the Royal National

Institute for Deaf People, 68% of the hearing-

impaired population feels socially isolated and

38% avoid social situations altogether. During

the market research, BTech second-year stu-

dents, Prerit Rathi and Pranjal Rastogi found

out that 99% of deaf individuals in India face

problems in communication on a daily basis.

They developed Indri.yeah, an AI-enabled

software solution under their startup,

RhoSigma Technologies. It has been designed

to address the communication barrier between

individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing

and those who are not proﬁcient in sign lang-

uage. It focuses on providing seamless and

mass interpretation by converting speech ISL

and vice versa using advanced generative tech-

niques and computer vision.

During the course of developing this software,

they interacted with 150+ ISL interpreters and

worked with 5+ deaf individuals for core prod-

uct development. This software will potentially

help over 10 million deaf Individuals across the

nation within the ﬁrst quarter of the product

launch. This initiative recently won the Natio-

nal Innovation Dialogue by UNDP India and

NITI Aayog.

As our students enter the new academic ses-

sion, we put the spotlight on two remarkable

student initiatives: Yotta Expo and RhoSigma.

These ventures are dedicated to creating

positive change in the community and enhanc-

ing the lives of many, truly embodying the spirit

of 'Tech for Society'.

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS BY STUDENTS HARNESSING TECH FOR COMMUNITY

C O - C R E A T E : T E C H F O R S O C I E T Y

Student Speak

Plaksha University

Alpha, Sector 101, IT City Road, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306

Collaborate with Plaksha: We are keen to collaborate with faculty

members and researchers from both within and outside Plaksha to

leverage our collective expertise and push the boundaries of

knowledge.

Virtual Tour: Explore the vibrant campus of Plaksha from the

comfort of your homes. Take a virtual tour to see our state-of-

the-art facilities and collaborative learning spaces.

*as of June 30, 2024

Full-time

Faculty

500+

Student

Body

190

Executives

& Teaching

Fellows

Research

Fellows

Visiting

Faculty

250

Alumni

C O - C R E A T E : T E C H F O R S O C I E T Y

PLAKSHA AT A GLANCE

During the Young Technology Scholars program, Plaksha hosted over 240 high schoolers from all over

India for two weeks. The 2024 batch designed, built and tinkered on six innovative projects – Multimodal

Cardiac Bio-sensing Framework, Biodiesel from Algae (pictured above), Agricultural Robot (AgBot), Tele-

operated Robot, Weather Information System for Smart Homes (WISSH), and Body Wearable Sensor for

Parkinson’s patient. Students attended interactive sessions by Prof. Hanumant Singh (Northeastern

University), Prof. Ravi Jasuja (BWH, Harvard Medical School), Plaksha faculty and industry leaders.

In this edition of 1729, we’ve reimagined Pulli Kolam – a South Indian art form rooted

in mathematics and geometry. Traditionally drawn by hand with dots and dashes, Pulli

Kolam blends aesthetic beauty with creativity. Our new design celebrates our Indian

heritage, integrates technology, and reﬂects our vision of fostering innovation.